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Understanding EPAs

Two types.
Different purposes.

An Enduring Power of Attorney lets someone make decisions for you if you can't. New Zealand has two types, covering different aspects of your life. Most people need both.

Property EPA

Financial decisions, bank accounts, property

Personal Care and Welfare EPA

Healthcare, where you live, daily care decisions

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The Two Types

Property vs Personal Care

Property EPA

Financial & legal affairs

Covers
  • Bank accounts & investments
  • Property transactions
  • Paying bills & managing debts
  • Financial decisions
Activation Options

Immediate effect

Your attorney can act from the moment of signing, even while you have capacity. You retain full control.

Incapacity only

Your attorney can only act when you become mentally incapable.

Attorneys

Can have multiple attorneys acting jointly (must agree) or severally (can act independently).

Personal Care and Welfare EPA

Health & welfare decisions

Covers
  • Medical treatment decisions
  • Where you live
  • Daily care & lifestyle
  • Healthcare providers
Activation

Only on incapacity

This EPA can only take effect when you become mentally incapable. The law protects your autonomy while you can make decisions yourself.

Attorneys

Only one person can hold this role. Personal care decisions often require quick action; a single decision-maker avoids delays.

The Key Question

How is incapacity determined?

01

Health practitioner assessment

A health practitioner examines you and reviews relevant information to form an opinion about your capacity for the specific decisions involved.

02

Decision-specific assessment

This isn't a general declaration. The assessment focuses on the type of decisions involved. You might lack capacity for some decisions but not others.

03

Certification enables action

Once certified, your attorney can start acting on your behalf according to the type of EPA they hold.

The Choice

Same person or different?

You can appoint the same person for both EPAs, or different people for each. Neither approach is automatically better.

Same Person

Simplifies coordination. Care decisions and financial decisions are connected. A single attorney can manage both seamlessly.

Unified decision-making

Different People

Brings appropriate skills to each role. Perhaps one person understands your values while another is more financially experienced.

Specialized expertise

Key Takeaways

Property EPA covers financial affairs; Personal Care covers healthcare and lifestyle
Property EPA can have immediate effect; Personal Care only activates on incapacity
You can only have one Personal Care attorney, but multiple Property attorneys
A health practitioner certifies incapacity before an EPA activates
Most people need both types of EPA

Related Guide

Follow our step-by-step guide to choosing the right people for your EPAs.

Read the Choosing Your EPAs Guide
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