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Business Structuring

The right structure matters from day one.

Sole trader, partnership, company, or trust? Your choice affects liability, tax, and your ability to grow. Get it right the first time.

The Stakes

Why getting this right matters.

Your business structure isn't just paperwork. It's a decision that shapes your taxes, your personal risk, and your options for the future.

"Changing structure later is expensive and can trigger tax. Getting it right initially saves significant expense."

Michael Morgan, Director at Carlile Dowling
Michael Morgan, Director

Liability Protection

The wrong structure can put your personal assets at risk. If your business runs into trouble, your home and savings could be exposed. A company provides separation; a sole trader offers none.

28%

Tax Implications

Companies pay 28% on profits (as at April 2024). Sole traders pay their personal rate (up to 39%). Trusts have their own rules. The right choice depends on your income level and how you plan to use profits.

  • Retained earnings vs. drawings
  • ACC implications
  • Exit and sale scenarios

Growth & Exit

Want to bring in co-owners? Attract investors? Sell the business later? Some structures make this straightforward. Others require expensive restructuring. Plan ahead.

Your Options

Six paths. One right for you.

Each structure serves a purpose. The right choice depends on your situation, not a one-size-fits-all rule.

Sole Trader

You and the business are the same entity. Simplest to set up and run.

+ No setup costs
+ Simple tax returns
- Unlimited personal liability
Low-risk contractors

Partnership

Two or more people operating together, sharing profits and responsibilities.

+ Shared resources
+ Flexible profit sharing
- Liable for partnership debts
- Disputes can be costly
Professional practices

Limited Partnership

A general partner runs the business, with limited partners investing capital and limited liability.

+ Attracts passive investors
+ Limited liability for investors
- General partner carries risk
- More complex compliance
Capital-heavy ventures
Most common

Company

A separate legal entity from its owners. Most common for serious businesses.

+ Limited liability protection
+ Easier to sell or transfer
- Compliance obligations
- Director duties apply
Growing businesses

Trust

Trusts can own business assets or company shares. Useful for separation and succession.

+ Asset protection
+ Succession planning
- 39% tax rate if income is kept by trustees
- Disclosure obligations
Family enterprises

Joint Venture

Two or more parties collaborate on a defined project while keeping their own businesses separate.

+ Share resources and expertise
+ Clear project scope
- Needs careful risk allocation
- Exit terms must be clear
One-off projects

There's no universally "best" structure. What works for one business may not work for another. We help you understand what each option means for your specific situation.

Decision Factors

Questions to consider.

Let's discuss your situation

Risk Tolerance

Personal exposure

How much personal liability are you comfortable with? Are you taking on work that could expose you to claims?

Ownership

Now and future

Are there multiple owners involved now? Do you expect to bring in partners or investors in the future? Or are you and others joining together for a single project?

Growth Plans

Five year view

What are your plans for the next five years? Staying small, hiring staff, selling, or passing to family?

Financial Planning

Bigger picture

How does your business structure fit with your overall financial planning? Your personal assets?

Industry Context

Sector norms

What's typical in your industry? Some sectors have professional requirements or customer expectations.

Tax Position

Coordinate with accountant

What's your accountant's view? The legal structure must align with your tax planning.

Existing Businesses

When to restructure.

Many Hawke's Bay business owners come to us at a decision point: Their accountant has mentioned incorporating a company; they want to bring in a partner, or they're taking on work that feels riskier than before.

01

Your revenue has grown significantly

Tax planning becomes more important at higher income levels.

02

You are taking on riskier work

Higher-value contracts mean higher exposure.

03

You want to bring in others

Partners, investors, or family members joining the business, or doing a project with you.

04

You are thinking about succession

How you'll exit affects what structure makes sense now.

Restructuring costs money.

Changing from sole trader to company, or restructuring ownership, isn't free. There are legal costs, accounting costs, and potentially tax consequences.

That's why getting it right the first time matters, and why, if you do need to restructure, doing it properly matters even more.

Get Advice First
How We Help

Structure Advice

The Foundation

We discuss your business, goals, risk factors, and tax position. We explain the options and give you a clear recommendation.

Company Formation

Setup

Incorporation, constitution drafting, shareholder agreements; everything you need to start right.

Partnership Agreements

Shared Ventures

Clear agreements that define responsibilities, profit sharing, and what happens if things change.

Restructuring

Evolution

When your business has outgrown its structure, we help you transition smoothly with minimum cost and disruption.

Client Observations

What Our Clients Say

"Prompt, friendly & efficient service"

Client

"I have always received excellent service from Carlile Dowling."

Repeat client

"A pleasure to work with."

Client

To ensure candour, all feedback was collected anonymously.

Common Questions

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Get your business structure right

Choosing between a company, trust, or partnership? We'll help you find the best fit for your goals.

Ready for growth?

If your business has outgrown its current setup, we can help you transition smoothly to a new structure.

Protect what you've built

The right legal structure is your first line of defense. Let's discuss your liability and asset protection needs.

Ready to get started?

We're here to help. Get in touch for clear, practical advice.

Let's talk about your situation

Every situation is unique. Get in touch to discuss how we can help.

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