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Trusts & Residential Care

The rest home subsidy myth.

"Put your assets in a trust and you'll qualify for the government subsidy." It's a common belief. It's also wrong. Here's how the Residential Care Subsidy actually works under New Zealand law.

Common misconception
Social Security Act 2018
Strict asset thresholds apply
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Fact Check

Myth vs reality.

Understanding where this misconception comes from and why it doesn't hold up.

The Myth

"If I put my house and savings into a trust, the government will have to pay for my rest home care because I won't own any assets."

Assumes ownership is all that matters
Ignores gifting lookback rules
Overlooks the "deprivation" test
The Reality

Work and Income (MSD) looks beyond legal ownership. They assess gifts you've made, income from trust assets, and whether you've deprived yourself of assets to qualify for the subsidy.

Assets gifted in the last 5 years fully count
Income from trust assets is assessable
Deprivation provisions catch deliberate arrangements
The Legal Framework

How the Residential Care Subsidy actually works.

Under the Social Security Act 2018, the government assesses your financial situation to determine whether you qualify for help with rest home costs.

Asset Thresholds

To qualify for the subsidy, your assessable assets must be below certain thresholds (2025/2026 figures, subject to change):

Single person in care $291,825
Couple (one in care, partner at home)
$159,810
excluding home/car
$291,825
including home/car
Couple (both in care) $291,825

These thresholds are updated annually. Check with Work and Income for current figures.

What Gets Assessed

It's not just what you "own" on paper. The assessment includes:

  • All assets owned personally
  • Assets gifted within gifting thresholds (see table below)
  • Income you receive (including from trusts)
  • Assets you've "deprived" yourself of

Enduring Power of Attorney required

If you are helping a family member apply for the subsidy, you'll likely need an Enduring Power of Attorney to act on their behalf. This should be arranged before they lose capacity.

Learn about EPAs
The Numbers

Gifting thresholds.

When assessing subsidy eligibility, Work and Income looks at gifts you've made to trusts (or anyone else) and adds back amounts exceeding these thresholds.

Time Period Annual Allowance What This Means
Last 5 years $8,000/year Gifts over $8,000/year in the past 5 years are added back to your assets
Beyond 5 years ago $27,000/year A more generous allowance, but excess gifts still count
Any time Deprivation test Gifts made to qualify for the subsidy can be fully counted

Note for couples: These gifting limits are combined for both partners, not per person. A couple can gift a maximum of $8,000/$27,000 per year between them.

Example: How it works in practice

Scenario

Margaret has $50,000 in the bank. Ten years ago she transferred her $800,000 house to her family trust, gifting the debt over several years.

Assessment

Work and Income will look at the gifting pattern. Amounts over $27,000/year (for gifts made more than 5 years ago) are added back. The actual result depends on the specific gifting history.

Critical Concept

The deprivation test.

Even if your gifting technically meets the thresholds, there's another hurdle.

If you gave away assets to qualify for the subsidy...

Work and Income can treat those assets as if you still own them. This applies regardless of when the gift was made. The question isn't just when you gifted, but why.

The test asks:

"Did the person deprive themselves of income or assets in order to qualify for a benefit, or increase the amount they could receive?"

If the answer is yes, those assets can be included in the assessment even if they were given away decades ago. Intent matters.

Likely to trigger deprivation

  • - Transferring assets after receiving care needs assessment
  • - Setting up trust specifically to "protect" assets from rest home costs
  • - Large gifts made when rest home care is foreseeable

Less likely to trigger deprivation

  • - Trusts established decades ago for genuine asset protection
  • - Business succession planning with legitimate commercial reasons
  • - Long history of gifts consistent with normal family giving
Often Overlooked

Trust income still counts.

Even if assets have been in a trust for many years and are genuinely no longer "yours", any income you receive from those assets is assessed.

If the trust pays you a distribution, lets you live rent-free in a property, or provides other benefits, these are considered when calculating your income for subsidy purposes.

Common example

If you transferred your home to a trust 20 years ago but continue living there rent-free, the "market rent" value may be treated as income when assessing your subsidy eligibility.

For Couples

When one partner needs care.

The rules work differently when only one spouse or partner enters residential care.

Partner stays at home

  • The family home is usually exempt if your partner lives there
  • Asset threshold is $159,810 (excluding home/car) or $291,825 (including home/car)
  • Assets held in joint names are usually assessed at 50%

Both partners in care

  • The family home is no longer exempt and may need to be sold
  • The $291,825 threshold applies to the couple
  • Combined assets are assessed

Retirement village residents: If you move from a retirement village unit to the village's care facility, different considerations apply. Your Occupation Right Agreement terms become important.

Learn about retirement village care transfers
The Full Picture

What trusts actually can do.

Trusts serve many legitimate purposes. Rest home subsidy planning isn't one of them.

Legitimate reasons people use trusts:

Protecting vulnerable beneficiaries
Business succession planning
Keeping a family asset (like a bach) in the family
Asset protection for professionals
Multi-generational wealth planning
Blended family arrangements
Practical Guidance

Realistic options.

If you are concerned about rest home costs, here's what actually helps.

01

Plan early with legitimate purposes

If you have genuine reasons for a trust (protecting vulnerable family members, business succession), establish it when those reasons apply - not when you anticipate needing care. The longer the gap, the less likely deprivation applies.

02

Understand the true costs

Rest home care costs money regardless. Even with the subsidy, there are costs. Understanding what you'll actually pay helps with planning.

03

Get your EPAs in order

Having Enduring Powers of Attorney means people you trust can manage your affairs if you lose capacity. This often prevents the need for more expensive and intrusive court-ordered arrangements.

04

Consider your overall estate plan

Rest home costs are one consideration among many. A comprehensive estate plan addresses care, succession, family protection, and your wishes.

Key Takeaways

01

Trusts don't automatically protect assets from rest home assessments

02

Gifting thresholds mean recent gifts are added back to your assets

03

The deprivation test catches arrangements made to qualify for subsidies

04

Income from trust assets counts, even if the assets themselves don't

05

Trusts serve many legitimate purposes - rest home planning isn't one of them

Related Guide

Already have a trust? Review it to ensure it still serves your needs under current law.

Read the Understanding Your Trust Guide

Need to understand your options?

Whether you are planning ahead or dealing with a family member's care needs, we can help you understand how the rules apply to your situation.

Or call us on 06 835 7394

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